The number of executions in Iran in 2025 is estimated to have more than doubled compared to the number that took place across the country in 2024.
Norwegian-based Iran Human Rights (IHR) group told the BBC it had verified at least 1,500 executions up until the start of December, adding that many more have taken place since.
Last year, IHR was able to verify 975 executions – although the exact number is never completely clear as Iranian authorities do not give official figures.
However, the analysis shows another significant annual rise, and the figures chime with those provided by other monitoring groups.
Iran’s government has previously defended its use of the death penalty, saying it is limited to only “the most severe crimes”.
Execution figures were already on the rise before mass demonstrations broke out across the country in 2022 following the death in custody of Mahsa Amini.
The 22-year-old Kurdish woman was detained by morality police in Tehran for allegedly wearing her hijab “improperly”.
That protest movement represented the biggest challenge to the legitimacy of Iran’s theocratic leadership for many years.
In response, authorities intensified the rate of executions from around 520 in 2022 to 832 the following year – according to the figures verified by IHR.
There have been some executions for protesters or alleged spies – but 99% of those executed have been for murder or drug offences – a ratio which has remained constant.
Activists have said that the rate of executions in Iran increases when the regime feels under threat and that the aim is to forestall internal opposition by instilling fear in the population.
It seems to be borne out by the fact that since the 12-day war with Israel in June, as well as major setbacks for Iran’s proxy forces across the region, there’s been another big surge.
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