Bangladesh’s first female prime minister Khaleda Zia has died at the age of 80 after suffering from prolonged illness.
Zia became Bangladesh’s first female head of government in 1991 after leading her party to victory in the country’s first democratic election in 20 years.
Physicians had said on Monday said her condition was “extremely critical”. She was put on life support, but it was not possible to provide multiple treatments at the same time given her age and overall poor health, they said.
Despite her poor health, her party had earlier said that Zia would contest general elections expected in February, the first since a revolution which led to the ousting of Zia’s rival, Sheikh Hasina
Bangladeshi politics had for decades been defined by the bitter feud between the two women, who alternated between government and opposition.
“Our favourite leader is no longer with us. She left us at 6am this morning,” Zia’s Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) announced on Facebook on Tuesday.
Crowds gathered outside Evercare Hospital in Dhaka where Zia was warded after news of her death broke. Photographs show police officers trying to stop them from entering the hospital premises.
Zia first came into public attention as the wife of Bangladesh’s former president Ziaur Rahman, seen as a reserved presence alongside her husband. Following his assassination in a 1981 military coup, Zia entered politics and later rose to lead the BNP.
Known as an “uncompromising leader” after refusing to take part in a controversial election under military ruler General Hussain Muhammad Ershad in the 1980s, Zia broke through a male-dominated political landscape and transformed into one of Bangladesh’s most formidable political leaders.
Her first term was widely praised for efforts to improve women’s education and social development, with her government bringing back parliamentary democracy by amending the constitution with bipartisan support.
Her second term in 1996, which lasted only weeks, drew criticism for staging a one-sided election despite opposition demands for a neutral caretaker authority—a measure parliament approved before dissolving.
Zia returned as prime minister in 2001, stepping down in October 2006 ahead of a general election. Her administration faced sharp criticism over allegations of corruption.
Over the past 16 years, under the Awami League government, Zia became the most prominent symbol of resistance to a rule many saw as increasingly autocratic.
She boycotted the 2014 election after her rival Hasina scrapped the caretaker government system—a provision meant to ensure neutrality during national polls. Later, Zia was convicted on corruption charges and jailed. She denied wrongdoing and said the charges were politically motivated.
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